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Also known as inapparent or subclinical infection.Ī vaccine in which a live virus is weakened (attenuated) through chemical or physical processes in order to produce an immune response without the severe effects of the disease. The presence of an infection without symptoms. The cause of asthma is not yet known, but environmental triggers, drugs, food allergies, exercise, infection, and stress all have been implicated. This irritation leads to constriction of the airways, which results in wheezing, coughing, difficulty breathing and production of thick mucus. See causal and temporal association.Īsthma: A chronic medical condition in which the bronchial tubes (in the lungs) become easily irritated. The term association and relationship are often used interchangeably. However, an association between two variables does not necessarily imply a cause-and-effect relationship. Association describes a situation where the likelihood of one event occurring is related to the presence of another event or variable. Antitoxins are used to confer passive immunity and for treatment.Īntiviral: Literally “against-virus” - a medicine capable of destroying or weakening a virus.Īrthritis: A medical condition characterized by inflammation of the joints, which causes pain and difficulty moving.Īssociation: The degree to which the occurrence of two variables or events is linked. Antitoxin can be derived from either human (e.g., tetanus immune globulin) or animal (usually equine) sources (e.g., diphtheria and botulism antitoxin). The presence of antigens in the body triggers an immune response, usually the production of antibodies.Ī solution of antibodies against a toxin. Antibodies protect the body from disease by binding to invading organisms and destroying them.įoreign substances (e.g., bacteria or viruses) in the body that are capable of causing disease. Anthrax most commonly occurs in hoofed mammals but can infect humans.Ī protein found in the blood, produced in response to foreign substances (e.g., bacteria or viruses) invading the body. This condition can be fatal and requires immediate medical attention.Īn acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include breathing difficulties, loss of consciousness, and a drop in blood pressure. Also known as hypersensitivity.Īn immediate and severe allergic reaction to a substance such as a food or drug. The recommendations stand as public health guidance for the safe use of vaccines and related biological products.Īllergy: A condition in which the body has an exaggerated response to a substance such as a food or drug. Short-term, intense (as in a health effect).Ī vaccine component distinct from the antigen that enhances the immune response to the antigen.Īdverse event: An undesirable medical condition that occurs following vaccination, which might be associated to the vaccine or its components, or which might be pure coincidence.Īdvisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP): A group of medical and public health experts who develop recommendations on the use of vaccines in the U.S. Active immunity is usually long-lasting, but individuals may remain susceptible to variants of the etiologic agent or to milder presentation of the disease. Active immunity can be acquired in two ways, either by contracting the disease or through vaccination. There is no cure for AIDS however, research efforts to develop a vaccine are ongoing.Īctive immunity: The production of antibodies against a specific disease by the immune system. High risk activities include unprotected sexual intercourse and intravenous drug use (sharing needles). This virus is spread through direct contact with the blood and body fluids of an infected individual. AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). As a result, the body cannot defend itself against infections (like pneumonia). A vaccine containing partial cellular material as opposed to complete cells.Īcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS): A medical condition where the immune system cannot function properly and protect the body from disease.
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